AP Gov Words you need to know! Review #1

Political Culture- is the traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy.

^{Political Ideology- Sets of political views regarding the fundamental goals of politics.}

^{Equality Of Results}is the goal, central to some political ideologies, of reducing or eliminating incidental inequalities in material condition between individuals or households in a society.

Civic Duty-is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, national, or human resource community.

Progressive Culture-is a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform through governmental action.

Political Efficacy- ones own influence or effectiveness on politics

Middle America- Middle class people 

Silent Majority-  is an unspecified large majority of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly.

Social Status- is the honor or prestige attached to one's position in society

Christian Coalition- the organization represents certain viewpoints among numbers of Christians in the United States

Gender Gap- Difference in political views between men and women

Liberal-the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights

Conservative-  is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society.

Libertarian- is a political philosophy that upholds individual liberty, especially freedom of expression and action

Populist- a member of the People's party. a supporter or adherent of populism

Political Elite-  all sufficiently large social groups will have some kind of elite group within them that actively participates in the group's political dynamics.

New Class- a term used to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries which typically arises in a Stalinist Communist state.

New Deal Coalition- a term used to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries which typically arises in a Stalinist Communist state.

Random Sample- is one chosen by a method involving an unpredictable component.

Sampling Error- is the error caused by observing a sample instead of the whole population.

Weighting-involves emphasizing the contribution of some aspects of a phenomenon (or of a set of data) to a final effect or result

Quota Sample-  a method for selecting survey participants. In quota sampling, a population is first segmented into mutually exclusive sub-groups, just as in stratified sampling.

Focus Groups-a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging.

Instant Response Polling-

gathering audience responses in real time, enables pollsters, campaign consultants and other political researchers to determine the exact words and visuals have the greatest effect on listeners and viewers.

Push Polls-is a political campaign technique in which an individual or organization attempts to influence or alter the view of respondents under the guise of conducting a poll

Bandwagon effect- The tendency to follow the actions or beliefs of others can occur because individuals directly prefer to conform, or because individuals derive information from others

Refusal Rate- the proportion of individuals who, though successfully contacted, refuse to give the information sought

Exit Polls-   a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations

Tracking Poll- a survey of public opinion from a particular sample

Skewed Question-is one that is phrased in such a way that a certain answer is more likely to be given

 

Context Effect- describes the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus

 

Question Framing- Framing the question is just the way to ask a question.

 

Saliency- when political parties compete through public statements they do so mainly by emphasizing particular policies or concerns

 

Help America Vote Act 2002- upgrade many aspects of their election procedures, including their voting machines, registration processes and poll worker training.

 

Motor-Voter Law-The legislation required state governments to allow for registration when a qualifying voter applied for or renewed their driver's license or applied for social services.

 

Fifteenth Amendment-prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"

 

Literacy Test-  government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the state level

 

Poll Tax- pre-condition of the exercise of the ability to vote.

 

Grandfather Clause- created new literacy and property restrictions on voting, but exempted those whose ancestors (grandfathers) had the right to vote before the Civil War

 

White Primary-elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating

 

Voting Rights Act- outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.

 

Nineteenth Amendment- prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex

 

Twenty sixth Amendment-the minimum voting age to no more than 18.

 

Twenty third Amendment-permits citizens in the District of Columbia to vote for Electors for President and Vice President.

 

Disfranchisement-  the revocation of the right of suffrage

 

Australian ballot- the system of voting in which voters mark their choices in privacy .

 

Activist-persuade people to change their behavior directly, rather than persuade governments to change laws

 

Demographics-the characteristics of a human population